Krampus is a figure from Central European folklore, known as a sinister counterpart to Saint Nicholas. While Saint Nicholas rewards well-behaved children with gifts, Krampus is said to punish the naughty ones. The figure is particularly associated with Christmas traditions in countries like Austria, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic.

Appearance

Krampus is typically depicted as a demonic creature with:

• Horns
• A long, pointed tongue
• Fangs
• Cloven hooves or a human-animal hybrid form

He often carries chains, bells, and a bundle of birch sticks or a sack, which he uses to frighten or capture misbehaving children.

Origins

The origins of Krampus are thought to predate Christianity, likely rooted in pagan traditions. He may have been associated with fertility rites or as a figure representing the duality of light and dark in nature. With the advent of Christianity, Krampus was incorporated into Christmas folklore alongside Saint Nicholas.

Krampusnacht (Krampus Night)

Krampusnacht, celebrated on December 5th, is the eve of Saint Nicholas Day. On this night, people dress up as Krampus and roam the streets, often in parades, to scare children and adults alike. This tradition, called the Krampuslauf or “Krampus Run,” is particularly popular in Alpine regions.

Cultural Role

Krampus serves as a cautionary figure, reinforcing moral lessons about good behavior during the Christmas season. Over time, his image has been softened in some places, becoming more of a playful or humorous character rather than a source of terror.

Today, Krampus has gained international recognition and appears in pop culture, movies, and celebrations beyond Europe.